feat: settings panel + thumbnail pipeline fixes

- photos.py: stop crashing in FileResponse when a thumb hasn't been
  generated; return a clean 404 with Retry-After so the frontend can
  back off.
- thumbs.py: fix process_video_thumbnail (overwrite_output, robust
  duration probe across stream/format, eager frame load + temp cleanup)
  so videos stop ending up as the gray placeholder.
- library.py: new /maintenance/* endpoints — thumbnail-stats,
  regenerate-thumbnails (with media_type / only_failed filters), and a
  manual data-integrity cleanup trigger.
- Frontend Settings panel (gear in TopBar) surfacing those endpoints
  plus a re-scan button and live thumbnail status counts.
- PhotoThumbnail: stretch the auto-retry schedule for slow RAW jobs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/routers/library.py

@@ -1,15 +1,32 @@
 """
-Library API router for stats and scanning
+Library API router for stats, scanning, and maintenance.
+
+The /maintenance/* endpoints are surfaced through the frontend Settings
+panel. They're intentionally idempotent and operate by re-queueing the
+existing Celery tasks rather than doing any heavy lifting in the
+request thread.
 """
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+from typing import List, Optional
+
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
-from sqlalchemy import select, func
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from sqlalchemy import select, func, update
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from app.database import get_db
 from app.models import Photo
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 router = APIRouter()
 
+# Media types we accept in the regenerate-thumbnails request body. Mirrors
+# the values produced by `app.tasks.scan.get_media_type`.
+_VALID_MEDIA_TYPES = {'photo', 'raw', 'heic', 'video'}
+
 @router.get("/stats")
 async def get_library_stats(db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
     """Get library statistics + per-section counts. Each section count
@@ -107,4 +124,143 @@ async def get_scan_status(db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
         "processed_files": processed_files,
         "total_files": total_files,
         "errors": [e.decode() for e in errors] if errors else []
-    }
+    }
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Maintenance endpoints — surfaced via the Settings panel.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class RegenerateThumbnailsRequest(BaseModel):
+    """Optional filters narrowing which photos get re-queued. With both
+    fields omitted the request resets every photo in the library."""
+    media_types: Optional[List[str]] = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Restrict to these media_type values (photo/raw/heic/video).",
+    )
+    only_failed: bool = Field(
+        default=False,
+        description="If true, only re-queue photos whose processing_status is 'failed'.",
+    )
+
+
+@router.get("/maintenance/thumbnail-stats")
+async def get_thumbnail_stats(db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
+    """Counts of photos by processing_status, plus a media-type breakdown
+    so the Settings panel can show the user what's outstanding."""
+    status_rows = (
+        await db.execute(
+            select(Photo.processing_status, func.count(Photo.id)).group_by(
+                Photo.processing_status
+            )
+        )
+    ).all()
+
+    media_rows = (
+        await db.execute(
+            select(Photo.media_type, func.count(Photo.id)).group_by(Photo.media_type)
+        )
+    ).all()
+
+    by_status = {status or 'unknown': count for status, count in status_rows}
+    by_media_type = {media or 'unknown': count for media, count in media_rows}
+    total = sum(by_status.values())
+
+    return {
+        "total": total,
+        "pending": by_status.get('pending', 0),
+        "processing": by_status.get('processing', 0),
+        "completed": by_status.get('completed', 0),
+        "failed": by_status.get('failed', 0),
+        "by_media_type": by_media_type,
+    }
+
+
+@router.post("/maintenance/regenerate-thumbnails")
+async def regenerate_thumbnails(
+    body: RegenerateThumbnailsRequest,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    """Reset matching photos' on-disk thumbnail directories and re-queue
+    Celery thumbnail generation. Used by the Settings panel for the
+    'regenerate video thumbnails' / 'regenerate failed' buttons.
+
+    Files on disk are removed under /data/thumbs/<photo_id>/ so the next
+    request to /photos/{id}/thumb/{size} actually re-generates instead of
+    serving the stale placeholder.
+    """
+    from app.tasks.thumbs import generate_thumbnails
+
+    # Validate media_types early so a typo can't silently match nothing.
+    media_types = body.media_types
+    if media_types is not None:
+        invalid = [m for m in media_types if m not in _VALID_MEDIA_TYPES]
+        if invalid:
+            return {
+                "status": "error",
+                "message": f"Invalid media_types: {invalid}. "
+                           f"Allowed: {sorted(_VALID_MEDIA_TYPES)}",
+            }
+
+    query = select(Photo)
+    if media_types:
+        query = query.where(Photo.media_type.in_(media_types))
+    if body.only_failed:
+        query = query.where(Photo.processing_status == 'failed')
+
+    photos = (await db.execute(query)).scalars().all()
+
+    cleared_dirs = 0
+    file_errors = 0
+    for photo in photos:
+        thumb_dir = f"/data/thumbs/{photo.id}"
+        if os.path.isdir(thumb_dir):
+            try:
+                shutil.rmtree(thumb_dir)
+                cleared_dirs += 1
+            except OSError as e:
+                file_errors += 1
+                logger.warning(f"Could not clear thumb dir {thumb_dir}: {e}")
+        photo.processing_status = 'pending'
+        photo.processing_error = None
+        photo.thumb_small = None
+        photo.thumb_medium = None
+        photo.thumb_large = None
+
+    await db.commit()
+
+    # Queue celery tasks AFTER the commit so the worker sees the reset
+    # state when it picks the job up.
+    queued = 0
+    for photo in photos:
+        try:
+            generate_thumbnails.delay(photo.id)
+            queued += 1
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"Could not queue thumbnail job for {photo.id}: {e}")
+
+    return {
+        "status": "success",
+        "matched": len(photos),
+        "queued": queued,
+        "cleared_dirs": cleared_dirs,
+        "file_errors": file_errors,
+        "filters": {
+            "media_types": media_types,
+            "only_failed": body.only_failed,
+        },
+    }
+
+
+@router.post("/maintenance/cleanup")
+async def run_data_integrity_cleanup():
+    """Re-run the source-roots / folders / photos data-integrity cleanup
+    that normally only runs on backend startup. Idempotent."""
+    from app.services.cleanup import cleanup_data_integrity
+
+    try:
+        await cleanup_data_integrity()
+        return {"status": "success"}
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Manual cleanup failed: {e}")
+        return {"status": "error", "message": str(e)}

backend/app/routers/photos.py

@@ -322,12 +322,14 @@ async def get_thumbnail(
     thumb_path = f"{thumb_dir}/{size}.webp"
     
     if not os.path.exists(thumb_path):
-        # Generate thumbnail on demand
+        # Queue background generation (handles RAW/HEIC/video properly)
         from app.tasks.thumbs import generate_thumbnails
         generate_thumbnails.delay(photo_id)
-        
-        # For now, return a placeholder or the original with reduced quality
-        if os.path.exists(photo.filepath):
+
+        # Best-effort inline fallback for standard images so the first
+        # request doesn't have to wait for the worker. RAW/HEIC/video
+        # and missing source files fall through to a clean 404 below.
+        if photo.filepath and os.path.exists(photo.filepath):
             from PIL import Image
             try:
                 os.makedirs(thumb_dir, exist_ok=True)
@@ -359,10 +361,23 @@ async def get_thumbnail(
                 # Save as WebP
                 img.save(thumb_path, 'WEBP', quality=85, optimize=True)
                 
+            except HTTPException:
+                raise
             except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Error generating thumbnail: {e}")
-                raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Could not generate thumbnail")
-    
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"Inline thumbnail fallback failed for {photo_id} ({size}); "
+                    f"waiting on worker: {e}"
+                )
+
+    # If the inline fallback didn't (or couldn't) produce the file,
+    # tell the client to retry instead of crashing in FileResponse/nginx.
+    if not os.path.exists(thumb_path):
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=404,
+            detail="Thumbnail not ready",
+            headers={"Retry-After": "2"},
+        )
+
     # Check if we're behind Nginx
     if os.environ.get('USE_X_ACCEL_REDIRECT'):
         # Use Nginx X-Accel-Redirect for better performance

backend/app/tasks/thumbs.py

@@ -108,27 +108,86 @@ def process_heic_image(filepath: str) -> Image.Image:
         raise
 
 def process_video_thumbnail(filepath: str) -> Image.Image:
-    """Extract thumbnail from video file"""
+    """Extract a still frame from a video file as a PIL Image."""
+    import tempfile
+    from io import BytesIO
+
+    tmp_path: Optional[str] = None
     try:
-        # Get video duration
+        # Find a usable seek timestamp. Some camera MOVs only expose
+        # duration at the format level, and stream 0 isn't always the
+        # video stream — search explicitly and fall back to the format
+        # duration, then to t=0 if neither is available.
         probe = ffmpeg.probe(filepath)
-        duration = float(probe['streams'][0]['duration'])
-        
-        # Extract frame at 10% of duration
-        timestamp = duration * 0.1
-        
-        # Extract frame using ffmpeg
-        import tempfile
+        duration: Optional[float] = None
+        for stream_info in probe.get('streams', []):
+            if stream_info.get('codec_type') != 'video':
+                continue
+            raw_duration = stream_info.get('duration')
+            if raw_duration is not None:
+                try:
+                    duration = float(raw_duration)
+                    break
+                except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                    pass
+        if duration is None:
+            raw_duration = probe.get('format', {}).get('duration')
+            if raw_duration is not None:
+                try:
+                    duration = float(raw_duration)
+                except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                    duration = None
+
+        # Seek to 10% in for a representative frame; clamp very short
+        # clips to t=0 so we don't seek past the end.
+        timestamp = max(0.0, (duration or 0.0) * 0.1)
+
+        # NamedTemporaryFile creates the file on disk, so we MUST tell
+        # ffmpeg to overwrite it (otherwise it prompts on stdin and the
+        # call hangs/fails — which is why videos were getting the gray
+        # placeholder). We close the handle immediately and clean up
+        # in `finally` ourselves.
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.jpg', delete=False) as tmp:
-            stream = ffmpeg.input(filepath, ss=timestamp)
-            stream = ffmpeg.output(stream, tmp.name, vframes=1, format='image2', vcodec='mjpeg')
-            ffmpeg.run(stream, capture_stdout=True, capture_stderr=True)
-            
-            return Image.open(tmp.name)
+            tmp_path = tmp.name
+
+        stream = ffmpeg.input(filepath, ss=timestamp)
+        stream = ffmpeg.output(
+            stream,
+            tmp_path,
+            vframes=1,
+            format='image2',
+            vcodec='mjpeg',
+        )
+        ffmpeg.run(
+            stream,
+            capture_stdout=True,
+            capture_stderr=True,
+            overwrite_output=True,
+        )
+
+        # Load the frame fully into memory so we can delete the temp
+        # file immediately. Pillow's `Image.open` is lazy, which would
+        # otherwise leave the file dangling.
+        with open(tmp_path, 'rb') as fh:
+            data = fh.read()
+        if not data:
+            raise RuntimeError("ffmpeg produced an empty frame")
+        return Image.open(BytesIO(data)).copy()
+    except ffmpeg.Error as e:
+        stderr = (e.stderr or b'').decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
+        logger.error(
+            f"ffmpeg failed extracting video thumbnail from {filepath}: {stderr}"
+        )
+        return create_placeholder_thumbnail('video')
     except Exception as e:
         logger.error(f"Error extracting video thumbnail from {filepath}: {e}")
-        # Create a placeholder thumbnail
         return create_placeholder_thumbnail('video')
+    finally:
+        if tmp_path and os.path.exists(tmp_path):
+            try:
+                os.unlink(tmp_path)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
 
 def create_placeholder_thumbnail(media_type: str) -> Image.Image:
     """Create a placeholder thumbnail for failed processing"""

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { AppFooter } from './components/AppFooter'
 import { PreviewView } from './components/preview/PreviewView'
 import { FilterBar } from './components/filter/FilterBar'
 import { DiscardActionBar } from './components/discard/DiscardActionBar'
+import { SettingsDialog } from './components/dialogs/SettingsDialog'
 import { usePhotoStore } from './store/photoStore'
 import { useKeyboardShortcuts } from './hooks/useKeyboardShortcuts'
 import { useFilterUrlSync } from './hooks/useFilterUrlSync'
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import { usePhotosQuery } from './hooks/usePhotosQuery'
 function App() {
   const [leftSidebarOpen, setLeftSidebarOpen] = useState(true)
   const [rightSidebarOpen, setRightSidebarOpen] = useState(false)
+  const [settingsOpen, setSettingsOpen] = useState(false)
   const selectedPhotos = usePhotoStore((state) => state.selectedPhotos)
   const viewMode = usePhotoStore((state) => state.viewMode)
 
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ function App() {
 
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col h-screen bg-bg text-text">
-      <TopBar />
+      <TopBar onOpenSettings={() => setSettingsOpen(true)} />
 
       <div className="flex flex-1 overflow-hidden">
         {/* Left Sidebar */}
@@ -100,6 +102,12 @@ function App() {
 
       {/* Preview overlay — covers TopBar when active */}
       {viewMode === 'preview' && <PreviewView />}
+
+      {/* Settings panel — admin/maintenance actions */}
+      <SettingsDialog
+        isOpen={settingsOpen}
+        onClose={() => setSettingsOpen(false)}
+      />
     </div>
   )
 }

frontend/src/components/dialogs/SettingsDialog.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+import { useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react'
+import {
+  X,
+  RefreshCw,
+  Wrench,
+  Film,
+  Image as ImageIcon,
+  AlertTriangle,
+  Database,
+  Loader2,
+} from 'lucide-react'
+import clsx from 'clsx'
+import {
+  library,
+  type ThumbnailStats,
+  type LibraryStats,
+  type MediaType,
+} from '../../services/api'
+import { toast } from '../ToastContainer'
+
+interface SettingsDialogProps {
+  isOpen: boolean
+  onClose: () => void
+}
+
+/**
+ * Catch-all "settings + admin" panel. Currently exposes the maintenance
+ * endpoints exposed by /api/v1/library/maintenance/* — regenerate
+ * thumbnails (with filters), run the data-integrity cleanup, and trigger
+ * a full library re-scan. The thumbnail stats block is the entry point
+ * users will look at to understand what's going on after a scan.
+ *
+ * Each action is gated by an in-flight flag so double-clicks don't
+ * stack background jobs, and the stats block re-fetches whenever the
+ * dialog opens or after any action completes.
+ */
+export function SettingsDialog({ isOpen, onClose }: SettingsDialogProps) {
+  const [thumbStats, setThumbStats] = useState<ThumbnailStats | null>(null)
+  const [libStats, setLibStats] = useState<LibraryStats | null>(null)
+  const [loadingStats, setLoadingStats] = useState(false)
+  // One key per action so each button has its own spinner without
+  // blocking the others.
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState<Record<string, boolean>>({})
+
+  const refreshStats = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoadingStats(true)
+    try {
+      const [thumbs, lib] = await Promise.all([
+        library.maintenance.thumbnailStats(),
+        library.stats(),
+      ])
+      setThumbStats(thumbs)
+      setLibStats(lib)
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error('Failed to load settings stats', e)
+      toast.error('Could not load library stats')
+    } finally {
+      setLoadingStats(false)
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  // Esc closes; load stats when opened.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!isOpen) return
+    refreshStats()
+    const handler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+      if (e.key === 'Escape') onClose()
+    }
+    window.addEventListener('keydown', handler)
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', handler)
+  }, [isOpen, onClose, refreshStats])
+
+  const runAction = useCallback(
+    async <T,>(
+      key: string,
+      fn: () => Promise<T>,
+      successTitle: string,
+      describe?: (result: T) => string | undefined
+    ) => {
+      if (busy[key]) return
+      setBusy((b) => ({ ...b, [key]: true }))
+      try {
+        const result = await fn()
+        toast.success(successTitle, describe?.(result))
+        await refreshStats()
+      } catch (e: unknown) {
+        const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)
+        toast.error(`${successTitle} failed`, message)
+      } finally {
+        setBusy((b) => ({ ...b, [key]: false }))
+      }
+    },
+    [busy, refreshStats]
+  )
+
+  const regenerate = useCallback(
+    (key: string, body: { media_types?: MediaType[]; only_failed?: boolean }) =>
+      runAction(
+        key,
+        () => library.maintenance.regenerateThumbnails(body),
+        'Regeneration queued',
+        (r) => `${r.queued} photos queued, ${r.cleared_dirs} thumb dirs cleared`
+      ),
+    [runAction]
+  )
+
+  if (!isOpen) return null
+
+  return (
+    <div className="fixed inset-0 z-50">
+      <div
+        className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/60 backdrop-blur-sm"
+        onClick={onClose}
+      />
+      <div className="absolute left-1/2 top-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2">
+        <div className="relative z-10 flex max-h-[85vh] w-[640px] flex-col rounded-lg border border-border bg-surface shadow-2xl">
+          {/* Header */}
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-border px-5 py-3">
+            <h2 className="text-base font-semibold text-text">Settings</h2>
+            <button
+              onClick={onClose}
+              className="rounded p-1 text-text-muted hover:bg-surface-2 hover:text-text"
+              title="Close (Esc)"
+            >
+              <X className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </button>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="flex-1 overflow-y-auto p-5">
+            {/* ----------------------------------------------------- */}
+            {/* Library overview                                       */}
+            {/* ----------------------------------------------------- */}
+            <Section
+              icon={<Database className="h-4 w-4" />}
+              title="Library"
+              right={
+                <button
+                  onClick={refreshStats}
+                  disabled={loadingStats}
+                  className="flex items-center gap-1 rounded border border-border px-2 py-1 text-xs text-text-muted hover:bg-surface-2 disabled:opacity-50"
+                >
+                  {loadingStats ? (
+                    <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 animate-spin" />
+                  ) : (
+                    <RefreshCw className="h-3 w-3" />
+                  )}
+                  Refresh
+                </button>
+              }
+            >
+              <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-2 text-xs">
+                <Stat label="Photos" value={libStats?.total_photos} />
+                <Stat label="Videos" value={libStats?.total_videos} />
+                <Stat
+                  label="On disk"
+                  value={
+                    libStats ? `${libStats.total_size_gb.toFixed(1)} GB` : undefined
+                  }
+                />
+              </div>
+              <div className="mt-3">
+                <ActionButton
+                  loading={busy.scan}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    runAction(
+                      'scan',
+                      () => library.scan(),
+                      'Library scan started'
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  <RefreshCw className="h-4 w-4" />
+                  Re-scan source folders
+                </ActionButton>
+              </div>
+            </Section>
+
+            {/* ----------------------------------------------------- */}
+            {/* Thumbnail maintenance                                  */}
+            {/* ----------------------------------------------------- */}
+            <Section
+              icon={<ImageIcon className="h-4 w-4" />}
+              title="Thumbnails"
+            >
+              <div className="grid grid-cols-4 gap-2 text-xs">
+                <Stat
+                  label="Completed"
+                  value={thumbStats?.completed}
+                  tone="ok"
+                />
+                <Stat
+                  label="Pending"
+                  value={thumbStats?.pending}
+                  tone="muted"
+                />
+                <Stat
+                  label="Processing"
+                  value={thumbStats?.processing}
+                  tone="muted"
+                />
+                <Stat
+                  label="Failed"
+                  value={thumbStats?.failed}
+                  tone={thumbStats && thumbStats.failed > 0 ? 'warn' : 'muted'}
+                />
+              </div>
+
+              <p className="mt-3 text-xs text-text-muted">
+                Reset on-disk thumbnails and re-queue generation. Use after
+                upgrading the worker or to fix the gray placeholders left
+                behind by an earlier failure.
+              </p>
+
+              <div className="mt-2 flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+                <ActionButton
+                  loading={busy['regen-videos']}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    regenerate('regen-videos', { media_types: ['video'] })
+                  }
+                >
+                  <Film className="h-4 w-4" />
+                  Regenerate video thumbnails
+                </ActionButton>
+
+                <ActionButton
+                  loading={busy['regen-failed']}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    regenerate('regen-failed', { only_failed: true })
+                  }
+                  disabled={!!thumbStats && thumbStats.failed === 0}
+                >
+                  <AlertTriangle className="h-4 w-4" />
+                  Retry failed
+                  {thumbStats ? ` (${thumbStats.failed})` : ''}
+                </ActionButton>
+
+                <ActionButton
+                  loading={busy['regen-all']}
+                  destructive
+                  onClick={() => {
+                    if (
+                      !confirm(
+                        'Regenerate thumbnails for the entire library? ' +
+                          'This will queue every photo and may take a while.'
+                      )
+                    )
+                      return
+                    regenerate('regen-all', {})
+                  }}
+                >
+                  <RefreshCw className="h-4 w-4" />
+                  Regenerate all
+                </ActionButton>
+              </div>
+            </Section>
+
+            {/* ----------------------------------------------------- */}
+            {/* Data integrity                                         */}
+            {/* ----------------------------------------------------- */}
+            <Section
+              icon={<Wrench className="h-4 w-4" />}
+              title="Maintenance"
+            >
+              <p className="text-xs text-text-muted">
+                Re-runs the source-roots / folders / photos integrity
+                cleanup that normally only runs on backend startup. Safe
+                to run any time.
+              </p>
+              <div className="mt-2">
+                <ActionButton
+                  loading={busy.cleanup}
+                  onClick={() =>
+                    runAction(
+                      'cleanup',
+                      () => library.maintenance.cleanup(),
+                      'Data integrity cleanup complete'
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  <Wrench className="h-4 w-4" />
+                  Run data integrity cleanup
+                </ActionButton>
+              </div>
+            </Section>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Local presentational helpers — kept private to this file.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function Section({
+  icon,
+  title,
+  right,
+  children,
+}: {
+  icon: React.ReactNode
+  title: string
+  right?: React.ReactNode
+  children: React.ReactNode
+}) {
+  return (
+    <section className="mb-5 last:mb-0">
+      <div className="mb-2 flex items-center justify-between">
+        <h3 className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm font-medium text-text">
+          {icon}
+          {title}
+        </h3>
+        {right}
+      </div>
+      <div className="rounded border border-border bg-bg p-3">{children}</div>
+    </section>
+  )
+}
+
+function Stat({
+  label,
+  value,
+  tone = 'muted',
+}: {
+  label: string
+  value: number | string | undefined
+  tone?: 'ok' | 'warn' | 'muted'
+}) {
+  const toneClass =
+    tone === 'ok'
+      ? 'text-pick'
+      : tone === 'warn'
+        ? 'text-reject'
+        : 'text-text'
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded bg-surface p-2">
+      <div className="text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wide text-text-muted">
+        {label}
+      </div>
+      <div className={clsx('text-base font-semibold', toneClass)}>
+        {value ?? '—'}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+function ActionButton({
+  loading,
+  disabled,
+  destructive,
+  onClick,
+  children,
+}: {
+  loading?: boolean
+  disabled?: boolean
+  destructive?: boolean
+  onClick: () => void
+  children: React.ReactNode
+}) {
+  return (
+    <button
+      onClick={onClick}
+      disabled={disabled || loading}
+      className={clsx(
+        'flex items-center gap-2 rounded border px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium transition-colors',
+        destructive
+          ? 'border-reject/40 text-reject hover:bg-reject/10'
+          : 'border-border text-text hover:bg-surface-2',
+        (disabled || loading) && 'cursor-not-allowed opacity-50'
+      )}
+    >
+      {loading && <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
+      {!loading && children}
+      {loading && (
+        // Re-render only the textual children when loading by stripping
+        // the icon (children[0]) — we keep just the label so the spinner
+        // takes the icon slot.
+        Array.isArray(children) ? children.slice(1) : children
+      )}
+    </button>
+  )
+}

frontend/src/components/layout/TopBar.tsx

@@ -1,18 +1,31 @@
+import { Settings } from 'lucide-react'
 import muliLogo from '../../assets/muli-logo.png'
 
+interface TopBarProps {
+  onOpenSettings: () => void
+}
+
 /**
- * Slim top bar — just the logo. The active heap badge moved into the
- * Heaps panel in the left sidebar (where it actually relates to the
- * heap rows the user navigates to).
+ * Slim top bar — logo on the left, settings gear on the right. The
+ * active heap badge moved into the Heaps panel in the left sidebar
+ * (where it actually relates to the heap rows the user navigates to).
  */
-export function TopBar() {
+export function TopBar({ onOpenSettings }: TopBarProps) {
   return (
     <header className="flex h-12 items-center justify-between border-b border-border bg-surface px-4">
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
         <img src={muliLogo} alt="Mulimago" className="h-7 w-7 object-contain" />
         <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold text-text">Mulimago</h1>
       </div>
-      <div className="flex items-center gap-2" />
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+        <button
+          onClick={onOpenSettings}
+          className="rounded p-1.5 text-text-muted transition-colors hover:bg-surface-2 hover:text-text"
+          title="Settings"
+        >
+          <Settings className="h-4 w-4" />
+        </button>
+      </div>
     </header>
   )
 }

frontend/src/components/timeline/PhotoThumbnail.tsx

@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ import { usePhotoStore } from '../../store/photoStore'
 export const PHOTO_DRAG_MIME = 'application/x-mulita-photos'
 
 // Auto-retry schedule (ms). Backend generates thumbs on-demand via Celery, so
-// first hit often 404s. Try a few times with backoff before giving up.
-const AUTO_RETRY_DELAYS = [1500, 3500, 6000]
+// the first hit on a freshly-scanned library returns 404 "not ready" until
+// the worker catches up. RAW postprocess can take several seconds per file
+// when the queue is deep, so the tail of the schedule is generous.
+const AUTO_RETRY_DELAYS = [1500, 3500, 7000, 12000, 20000]
 
 interface PhotoThumbnailProps {
   photo: Photo

frontend/src/services/api.ts

@@ -207,6 +207,29 @@ export const photos = {
 }
 
 // Library API
+export type MediaType = 'photo' | 'raw' | 'heic' | 'video'
+
+export interface ThumbnailStats {
+  total: number
+  pending: number
+  processing: number
+  completed: number
+  failed: number
+  by_media_type: Record<string, number>
+}
+
+export interface RegenerateResult {
+  status: string
+  matched: number
+  queued: number
+  cleared_dirs: number
+  file_errors: number
+  filters: {
+    media_types: MediaType[] | null
+    only_failed: boolean
+  }
+}
+
 export const library = {
   scan: async () => {
     const response = await api.post('/library/scan')
@@ -222,6 +245,33 @@ export const library = {
     const response = await api.get('/library/stats')
     return response.data
   },
+
+  /** Maintenance / admin actions surfaced via the Settings panel. */
+  maintenance: {
+    thumbnailStats: async (): Promise<ThumbnailStats> => {
+      const response = await api.get('/library/maintenance/thumbnail-stats')
+      return response.data
+    },
+
+    /** Reset on-disk thumbs and re-queue Celery generation. With no
+     *  filters, every photo in the library is re-queued. */
+    regenerateThumbnails: async (
+      body: { media_types?: MediaType[]; only_failed?: boolean } = {}
+    ): Promise<RegenerateResult> => {
+      const response = await api.post(
+        '/library/maintenance/regenerate-thumbnails',
+        body
+      )
+      return response.data
+    },
+
+    /** Re-run the source-roots / folders / photos integrity cleanup that
+     *  normally runs on backend startup. */
+    cleanup: async (): Promise<{ status: string; message?: string }> => {
+      const response = await api.post('/library/maintenance/cleanup')
+      return response.data
+    },
+  },
 }
 
 export interface LibraryStats {